MDMA
Known on the street as ecstasy or molly, MDMA is being studied as a medicine for PTSD when paired with therapy. It came close to FDA approval in 2024, was turned down, and is now under review again.
Last reviewed: November 2, 2026
The basics
MDMA increases serotonin, dopamine and oxytocin in the brain, which tends to lower fear and raise feelings of trust and connection. Researchers believe this helps people revisit painful memories without being overwhelmed. In trials it is given in two or three all-day sessions spaced weeks apart, always alongside a course of talk therapy. The drug in trials is pure and carefully dosed, unlike street ecstasy, which is often mixed with other substances.
| Where | Status |
|---|---|
| United States, federal | Schedule I. A resubmitted FDA application for MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD is under review. |
| U.S. Veterans Affairs | Running its own placebo-controlled trials with veterans. |
| Australia | Since July 2023, specially authorized psychiatrists may prescribe it for PTSD. |
Foundational studies
What's happening now
Capped at five. Oldest rotates to the archive at each review.
From the show
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This page is for education only and is not medical advice. MDMA is a Schedule I substance under federal law. Street ecstasy and molly are often mixed with other drugs and are not the same as the medicine studied in trials. Talk with a qualified professional before making any health decision.